A New Soft Underwater Robot Swims in 3D With Just Two Pneumatic Actuators

North Carolina State University has built a soft underwater robot that hits 1.64 body lengths per second and can rotate about 90 degrees per second while steering in 3D using just two pneumatic actuators. The prototype pairs those drives with four elastic, feather star-inspired wings, leaning on mechanical intelligence in its structure rather than complex onboard AI, and it is not yet fully wireless or autonomous. Soft robots usually buy their agility with a mess of pumps, valves, and code.

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